Gestational diabetes is a disease that only pregnant women get. If a woman never had diabetes
before, then she has gestational diabetes.
The disease occurs in about 5 percent of all pregnancies.
Between 24-28 weeks of pregnancy your health care provider will test you for gestational
diabetes if you are a woman with average risk. If your risk is higher-than-average, your health care provider
may test you earlier.
Methods of testing include:
• The one-step approach: A woman will fast for 4 to 8 hours. The health care provider will
measure her blood sugar and will do so again 2 hours after she drinks a sugar drink. The test is called "oral
glucose tolerance test."
• The two-step approach: A health care provider measures a woman's blood sugar 1 hour after
drinking a sugar drink. If the woman does not have gestational diabetes, the blood sugar will be normal after
1 hour. Women with high blood sugar after 1 hour will have an oral glucose tolerance test to see if the
disease is present.
Does gestational diabetes affect the baby?
• Most women will give birth to healthy babies. This is especially true when they control their
blood sugar, eat a healthy diet, exercise and keep a healthy weight.
Are there cases when it affects the
pregnancy and baby?
• When the baby's body is larger than normal, it may need to be delivered by cesarean
section
• If the baby's blood sugar is too low, starting to breastfeed right away can help get more
glucose to the baby. Administering glucose through a tube into his or her blood may also be
needed.
• Jaundice may occur in the infant
• A baby with low mineral levels in the blood
• The infant may have trouble breathing and need oxygen or other help (Respiratory Distress
Syndrome)
How can a pregnant woman stay healthy and avoid problems in pregnancy and with the
newborn?
• Know your blood sugar and keep it under control. Test your blood sugar to make it easier to
keep it in a healthy range. You will probably need to test a drop of blood several times a day to find out
your blood sugar level.
• Eat a healthy diet. Your health care provider can create a plan that is best for you.
Controlling carbohydrates is usually an important part of a healthy diet for women with gestational
diabetes.
• Get regular, moderate physical activity. Your health care provider can tell you the best
activities and right amount for you.
• Keep a healthy weight. This will depend upon how much you weighed before pregnancy. Keep track
of your overall weight gain and weekly rate of gain.
• Keep daily records of your diet, physical activity and glucose level. Keep a daily record
book. Write down blood sugar numbers, physical activity, and everything you eat and drink in your daily
record book. This helps track how well the treatment is working and what, if anything, needs to be
changed.
• You might need to take insulin
• You might have to test your urine for glucose levels.
After the baby is born, most women
with gestational diabetes return to normal quickly. You should have a blood test to check blood sugar levels six
weeks after the baby is born. This test will also check your risk of getting diabetes in the
future.
If you want to get pregnant again, have a blood sugar test up to three months before becoming
pregnant.
Children born to mothers with it are at a higher risk for obesity, abnormal glucose tolerance,
and diabetes.
Women who have had gestational diabetes and children whose mothers had the disease are at higher
lifetime risk for:
• Obesity
• And type 2 diabetes (lifestyle changes may help prevent type 2 diabetes)
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